Feb 02, 2011 cooling design uses overhead watercooled coils. The evaporative cooling equipment also should have a water management program that is designed to minimize the risk of legionellosis associated with building water systems. Essential ventilation management types of ventilation in most climates around the world, poultry houses should have 3 ventilation systems. Preparedness is the only way of reducing the impact of disasters as most of the disasters are unpredictable and even if predicted, there is not much. Course contents evaporative coolers, often called swamp coolers, are cooling systems that use only water and a blower to circulate air. Residential properties typically utilize a direct evaporative cooler. Modeling and optimal design of evaporative cooling system in. Disasters are broadly divided into two types comprising natural and. Cooling tower fundamentals spx cooling technologies. Evaporative cooling towers have high construction, operational and maintenance costs, while con suming large quantities of water, often as much as 90% of the total water consump tion in a refinery. When evaporation occurs, this heat is taken from the water that remains in the liquid state. Evaporative cooling is produced by passing atmospheric air over wet pads and the first heat exchanger. Addressing climate change within disaster risk management. The same component was studied by janssen and uges 2010, who built a.
Geological processes like earthquakes, volcanoes, floods and landslides are normal natural events which have resulted in the formation of the earth that we have today. Before a disaster to reduce the potential for human, material or environmental losses caused by hazards and to ensure that these losses are minimized. Evaporative media which comes from manufacturers, and is certified with an 85% or higher evaporation efficiency delivers air. Why might people live in an area affected by this type of disaster. There is a lot of research studying the characteristics and performance of various types of evaporative cooling pads, namely sand, clay, brick bats, date palm fibres and leaves, clay, wood saving, sack, saw dust, wheat straw, jute, pvc sponge.
It reduces the storage temperature and also increases the relative humidity within the optimum level of the storage thereby. Evaporative cooling uses the fact that water will absorb a relatively large amount of heat in order to evaporate. They used a periodic heat transfer analysis similar to the fa miliar eansfer fhnction method to determine the various heat transfer mechanisms. Pdf vssut rac notes refrigeration and air conditioning. This fog then provides cooling when it evaporates in the air inlet duct of the gas turbine.
Two stage evaporative cooling consist of indirect evaporative cooling system and direct evaporative cooling system. A fan then pulls air from the outside through the wet pad, initiating the evaporation process. Direct inlet fogging is a type of evaporative cooling method where demineralized water is converted into a fog by means of hp nozzles operating at 3000 psi 67207 bar. This cooling option is much more energy efficient than cooling with refrigerant standard air conditioning, but its not suitable for all cooling applications.
Evaporative cooler an overview sciencedirect topics. In standard viii, ix and x many of you have already been introduced to some of these concepts. Two principle methods of evaporative cooling are commonly used, the direct evaporative cooling dec and the indirect evaporative cooling iec. Disaster, types, classification, disaster management 1. In this type of system, a pump circulates water from a reservoir to saturate a cooling pad. Highlyefficient evaporative cooling systems can reduce energy use by 70% the actual savings will vary with the type of evaporative system and climate. A disaster managers handbook this handbook is a ready reference guide for those actively involved with management of natural disasters before, during, and after disaster situations in developing member countries. Performance of an evaporative cooler journal article. The present paper focuses on the modeling of a regenerative indirect evaporative cooler, the socalled dew point cooler dpc. Design of ii stage evaporative cooling system for residential. Types, awareness and schemes for disaster management.
Disaster, hazard, vulnerability, capacity, risk and disaster management cycle. Principles and application of evaporative cooling systems for. An investigation of indirect evaporative coolers, iec w ith. By assuming a value of 80% for the efficiency of evaporative pad cooling systems equa tions 10 and 11 can be written as. I ndia has efficiently handled the recent cyclones and reduced the effect s to bare minimum level. All the three directors in the disaster management division, namely shri j. Tunnel air inlets closed, sidewall inlets above open tunnel fans sidewall air inlets minimum ventilation fans off doghouse containing evaporative cooling pads minimum ventilation. Students investigate intermolecular forces between molecules and energy transfer during phase changes of matter. For indian river county indian river county department of emergency services. This module is appropriate for anyone who has general responsibilities for disaster management and programme implementation. Due to various climatic conditions in erbil, results in various outlet condition the effectiveness in iec stage varies in between 5565 % and the effectiveness of two stages iecdec varies in between a range of 90110 %.
A temperature reduction of 10 to 200c 5068 degree f can be achieved by passing the hot fresh air through the wetted pads. The temperature of dry air can be dropped significantly through the phase transition of. Pdf study,design and analysis of two stage evaporative. However, other types of disasters such as natural or technological disasters have. Evaporative cooling systems require less energy input than mechanical vapor compression systems because they obtain such input from ambient air. Evaporative cooling food and agriculture organization of. The benefits of adiabatic cooling applied to freecooling chillers the ancient adiabatic cooling principle can be used today. Evaporative cooling requires significant amounts of good quality water to replace the water lost by evaporation, drift and blowdown. An investigation of indirect evaporative coolers, iec w. Andma afghanistan national disaster management authority. Evaporative cooling of helium3 can provide temperatures below 300 mk. A primary differentiation between modular unit types is the design of the cooling system.
As per the disaster management act 2005, a disaster is defined as a casastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or manmade cause, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and. Disaster risk reduction mitigation and preparedness in development and. Concept of evaporative cooling evaporative cooling is the process by which the temperature of a substance is reduced due to the cooling effect from the evaporation of water. Generally, an evaporative cooler is made of a porous material that is fed with water. Guide disaster preparedness for indian river county.
These systems use only a fraction of the energy of typical compressorbased cooling systems. Modeling of a regenerative indirect evaporative cooler for a. In a dec, water is vaporized in the airstreams and the heat and mass transfer between air and water cause the air dry bulb temperature to decrease and its humidity to increase, while the enthalpy is kept constant. Many researchers have investigated different types of evaporative coolers, such as direct, indirect. Modeling of a regenerative indirect evaporative cooler for. Introductiona 2stage evaporative cooling system aka indirect\direct cooling represents the most economical cooling systemutilizing evaporative cooling technology. The design of the hybrid ground source heat pump system involves many degrees of freedom. The first one uses an external cooling tower to cool the water required to precool the air in the indirect watertoair precooler. Numerous studies have been conducted to reduce energy consumption during evaporative cooling 8.
Understanding disasters national institute of disaster. Performance evaluation for indirect evaporative cooling etsce7 southern california edison page ii emerging products june 2015 might necessitate a different type of capital and incentive structure but will address some of the challenges that currently plague performance for hvac equipment in commercial buildings. Overview of natural and manmade disaster risks the european. Improved cooling system performance begins with data. The manual builds on international experience in disaster mitigation by the united. Apr 12, 2017 disaster, types, classification, disaster management 1. Cooling techniques for hyperthermia statpearls ncbi bookshelf. Disaster prevention and preparedness carter center. Climate change, natural disasters, risk management. Use only the type of fuel your heater is designed to use dont substitute. The evaporative cooling systems has prospect for use for short term preservation of fruits and vegetables after harvested. In the second design the cooled water in the directcontact evaporative cooler is used as the cooling medium in the air precooler. Health regulations 2002 as amended coshh and the management of health and. Industrial and commercial evaporative cooling systems have several benefits.
The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heatabsorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs. Disaster prevention and preparedness the carter center. Improvement of evaporative cooling system efficiency in. Abstract an assisted evaporative cooling system is proposed and analyzed to get higher cooling efficiency in hot and arid environments such as saudi arabia. Institutional framework for disaster risk management in gambia. Wide range of evaporative cooling pad sis available in the market. Apart from the terminologies, the chapter also tries to explain various types of disasters.
Evaporative cooling is the process in which air is cooled by using the heat in the air to evaporate the water from an adjacent surface. Front page united nations office for disaster risk reduction. Bipvt system for thermal heating and electricity production. The evaporative cooler was tested and evaluated using. Code of practice7 and in the water management societys guide to risk assessment for water services. Today, adiabatic evaporative cooling uses the principles of the ancient system with the benefit of 21st century technology within the category of thermal management units.
When warm, dry unsaturated air is pulled through a watersoaked pad, water is evaporated and is absorbed as water vapor into the air. Types, design and operation 8 requirements of a cooling water treatment programme 16 inspection, cleaning and disinfection procedures 26 monitoring water quality and understanding water treatment. It draws upon disaster management practices in asia and the pacific and endeavors to relate. Key evaporative cooling terms 1 wet bulb depression wbd. Conduction and evaporation are the two modes of cooling employed in the. The principle underlying evaporative cooling is the fact that water must have heat applied to it to change from a liquid to a vapor. Simulation of hybrid ground source heat pump systems and. Combination of evaporative cooling and wind tower for passive cooling. Types of prefabricated modular data centers schneider electric data center science center rev 0 4 cooling todays data centers use a range of cooling architectures to support the it space, based on requirements for cost, efficiency, reliability, etc. We have defined first generation units as those that require cooling infrastructure support in the form of chilled water supply, or that use onboard direct expansion cooling. Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community. Thus each type of natural disaster presents a particular context for ict use. The conversion of sensible heat to latent heat causes a decrease in the ambient temperature as water is evaporated providing useful cooling.
Evaporative cooling of ordinary helium forms a 1k pot, which can cool to at least 1. Whole building heat, air and moisture response moisteng. This water can be provided by conventional desalination processes or by the use of tertiary treated sewage effluent. Evaporative cooling equipment can be of the direct evaporative cooling dec type or indirect evaporative cooling iec type. Pdf design and construction of an evaporative cooling.
The management of health and safety at work regulations 1999. These techniques can be used to make cryocoolers, or as components of lowertemperature cryostats such as dilution refrigerators. Evaporative coolers harness this process to provide cooling to a space. Connect potential users with existing users of evaporative cooling devices to share advice on construction, and use, and cost of these devices. Soil and vegetation help reduce sound transmission, thus. At 100% cooling efficiency, the temperature drop across the evaporative cooler would be equal to the wet bulb depression. Disaster management is the only way to m itigate the effects of all these hazards.
Page 4 of 7 development pre key phases of disaster management there are three key phases of activity within disaster management. Government of india released a manual for drought management in. Disaster effects types kinds management importance. The technical assumptions for the evaporative cooling rebate product were developed assuming that a standard seer central air conditioning system was replaced or displaced by either a standard evaporative cooling system or a premium unit with the same capacity. Moreover it also addresses types of disaster and discusses the trends of the occurrence of disasters to introduce readers the basic concepts of the subject matter. They are however disastrous in their impact when they affect human settlements.
Evaporative cooling differs from other air conditioning systems, which use vaporcompression or absorption refrigeration cycles. An introduction to evaporative coolers hvac investigators. Disaster, types, classification, disaster management. It has been observed by various authors 57 that the temperature can be lowered by 68 c with evaporative cooling in greenhouses. Modeling and simulation of evaporative cooling system in. Thailand disaster management reference handbook may 2018. Principles and application of evaporative cooling systems. In managing heatrelated illness and heat stroke, decreasing core. Review of passive heatingcooling systems of buildings. Eedec units are more efficient than conventional evaporative coolers because of the following advanced features. Modeling and optimal design of evaporative cooling system.
Hydroclimatic disasters in water resources management i. Disaster risk reduction international federation of red cross and. Oct 01, 2018 disaster management forces can help by removing people and property from a threatened location and by facilitating timely and effective rescue, relief and rehabilitation at the place of disaster. Dec is the oldest, simplest, and the most widespread form of evaporative air conditioning direct evaporative cooling system adds moisture to the cool air, which also makes conditions. During operation, offline cleaning of evaporative cooling equipment should be undertaken on a regular basis. Green material prospects for passive evaporative cooling.
Highlyefficient evaporative cooling systems can reduce energy use by 70% the actual savings will vary with the type of evaporative. Thus, this document addresses both types of risks under the term. Performance of an evaporative cooler journal article osti. They also concluded that more cooling was achieved by the method of roof spray rather than by the method of a roof pond. An evaporative cooler is a device that cools air through the evaporation of water. The difference between the dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures. Technical guidance page 2 of 57 contents introduction 3 evaporative cooling systems. For this purpose, a twostage evaporative cooling experimental setup consisting of a direct evaporative cooling and indirect evaporative cooling was designed, constructed, and tested. The type of heat rejection in a cooling tower is termed evaporative in that it allows a rest of that water stream, some portion of the water being cooled to evaporate. A new evaporative cooling technology can deliver cooler supply air temperatures than either direct or indirect evaporative cooling systems, without increasing humidity. Two different configurations of the twostage evaporative cooler have been tested. T depend only on the dry and wet bulb temperatures of the outside air at a con stant cooling efficiency. An evaporative cooling system is disclosed which uses a heat pipe device comprising first and second heat exchangers to transfer heat from the space being cooled to an evaporative cooler. Morris 3 reported the greenhouse cooling potential by evaporative cooling through a simple equation.
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