Trichomonas vaginalisstd, has no mitochndria, has an organelle that makes hydrogen gas calles hydrogenosome and it needs sulfur to grow, so its very smelly. Archaeplastida unikonta excavata golden algae brown algae dinoflagellates apicomplexans ciliates forams cercozoans radiolarians. Excavata, chromalveolata, rhizaria, archaeplastida and unikonta 12. Alveolata, rhizaria archaeplastida includes land plants unikonta includes animals and fungi excavata. Alveolates and rhizaria, excavata, archaeplastida and unikonta have been described in extremely ph environments. Rhizaria have been broadly divided into core cercozoa, endomyxa, and. Archaeplastida, rhizaria, chromalveolata, and exca errors 19, 24. Eukarya sar chromalveolata unikonta bacteria excavata rhizaria alveolata. The eucarya are now classified into about five major groups. Supergrupo excavata eucariotas unicelulares, flagelados 2 a 4 o ameboides.
Archaeplastida, rhizaria, chromalveolata, and excavata. Ankau celkernoj havas duoblajn membranojn, sed kutime ne estas opiniataj. Ch28slides content protists overview five supergroups. Classifications cavaliersmith 2003 from protist phylogeny and the highlevel classification of protozoa. However, molecular phylogeny has not provided clear evi the prevailing model of eukaryotic phylogeny posits 6 major dence that either chromalveolata or excavata is monophyletic, nor supergroups 2528. Excavata eubacteria archaea chromalveolata parabasalea.
Archaeplastida, chromalveolata, excavata, and rhizaria fig. A excavata b chromalveolata c rhizaria d archaeplastida e unikonta 26 which of from biol 1030 at auburn. Heterokont alveolata rhizaria excavata amoebozoa opisthokonta. Chromalveolata chapters 1921 chapter 19 chapter 20 chapter 21 alveolata. Mccourt, in encyclopedia of evolutionary biology, 2016 summary. However, there is a lot of contention near the archaeplastida root, e. Excavata, chromalveolata, rhizaria, archaeplastida, unikonta. Large mitochondrion and a kinetoplast with multiple circular dna molecules. Excavata is a major supergroup of unicellular organisms belonging to the domain eukaryota.
Study 28 protists flashcards from marrick nzibos class online, or in brainscapes iphone or android app. The domain eukarya has undergone major reclassification based on 6 supergroups. In certain animals, including humans, ciliary gene regulation is mediated by regulatory factor x rfx. Identify characteristics and examples of protists in the supergroup chromalveolata. Excavata chromalveolata rhizaria archaeplastida includes the traditional kingdom plantae unikonta includes the traditional kingdoms fungi and animalia ii. Excavata, chromalveolata, rhizaria, archeaplastida, and unikonta. Dna evidence supports rhizaria as a monophyletic clade amoebas move and feed by pseudopodia. One current classification separates all eukaryotes into five supergroups.
A phylogenetic analysis using heat shock protein 90 hsp90 and. Posterior flagellum, complex group of nonamoebalike organisms, related at a molecular level. Excavata sar archaeplastida unikonta alveolates stramenopila rhizaria amoebozoans opisthokonts classification. Groups of protists boundless biology lumen learning. What are the basic characteristics of the supergroup excavata. Amoebozoa, excavata, the sar group, archaeplastida and hacrobia. The position of telonemia and picozoa are not clear. Some research suggests that a unikont was the ancestor of opisthokonts animals, fungi and related forms and amoebozoa, and a bikont a eukaryotic cell with two flagella was the ancestor of archaeplastida plants and relatives, excavata, rhizaria, and chromalveolata. Excavata eubacteria archaea chromalveolata parabasalea euglenozoa diplomonadida from bio 14 at oklahoma city community college. See also excavata, chromalveolata, rhizaria, and unikonta. The suggestion of bauldauf 2008 uses only four supergroups. Unikonta including amoebozoans, animals, and fungi, excavata diplomonads, etc.
Please let me know specifically what i need to add. Alveolata, rhizaria archaeplastida includes land plants unikonta includes animals and fungi supergroup. A group of microscopic protists that are found in both the rhizaria and unikonta groups. Now that we have examined some of the broad patterns in eu karyotic. Take a picture and label each of the organisms provided for observation in class. The archaeplastida are one of the major evolutionary lineages of photosynthetic organisms, and arguably the most important for animals, including humans, because the ancestors of one group green algae and plants was able to invade land and set the stage for the evolutionary movement onto land of many animal groups. Archaeplastida, chromalveolata, excavata, opisthokonta, and. Current evidence suggests that species classified as chromalveolates are derived from a common ancestor that engulfed a photosynthetic red algal cell, which itself had already evolved chloroplasts from an endosymbiotic. Excavata chromalveolata rhizaria archaeplastida unikonta. In recent years eukaryotes have been classified into six major supergroups. Archaeplastida or plantae, chromalveolata, rhizaria, and excavata, with. Alveolata cryptophyta haptophyta heterokonta stramenopiles name.
Chromalveolata biocyclopedia all about biology, chemistry. Excavata, chromalveolata, rhizaria, archaeplastida. A excavata b chromalveolata c rhizaria d archaeplastida e. Alveolata, rhizaria archaeplastida includes land plants unikonta includes animals and fungi. Representative examples from each group will be given, including major causes of human disease. In certain animals, including humans, ciliary gene regulation is mediated by regulatory factor x rfx transcrip tion factors tfs. According to this supergroup classification, archaeplastida and chromalveolata each arose from a. Excavata chromalveolata rhizaria archaeplastida unikonta the clade excavata is characterized by its cytoskeleton some members have a feeding groove this controversial group includes the diplomonads, parabasalids, and euglenozoans concept 28. Cavaliersmith has grouped the excavata and rhizaria into the cabozoa and the. It was first suggested by simpson and patterson in 1999 and introduced by thomas cavaliersmith in 2002 as a formal taxon.
Archaeplastida, chromalveolata, rhizaria, and excavata. This monophyletic group, which includes red algae, green alage, and land plants, descended from an ancient protist ancestor that engulfed a cyanobacterium. Bikonts include archaeplastida plants and relatives and sar. Protists include unicellular eukaryotes and their simple multicellular relatives. These pseudopods project outward from anywhere on the cell surface and can anchor to a substrate. Archaeplastida, excavata, chromalveolata, and rhizaria, the terminology we use here. Identify characteristics and examples of protists in the supergroup chromalveolata current evidence suggests that species classified as chromalveolates are derived from a common ancestor that engulfed a photosynthetic red algal cell, which itself had already evolved chloroplasts from an endosymbiotic relationship with a photosynthetic prokaryote. What evidence do we have that secondary endosymbiosis really took place. Eef2 analysis challenges the monophyly of archaeplastida and. Diagrams of the anatomy of the most studied protsts, such as euglena, paramecia, and amoeba, will be given. A bikont two flagella is any of the eukaryotic organisms classified in the group bikonta.
Alveolates and rhizaria, excavata, archaeplastida and unikonta have been described in. Apicomplexa chapter 19 ciliophora ciliates chapter 20 heterokontophyta chapter 21 unikonta 1flagellum amoebozoa chapter 22 opisthokonta. The unikonts have a triplegene fusion that is lacking in the bikonts. Revisiting the root of the eukaryote tree a recent. This hypothesis places the rhizaria in the supergroup chromalveolata and suggests that amoebozoa is related to animalia and fungi. Chromalveolata rhizaria archaeplastida unikonta there were 5 supergroups. This corresponds well with the morphological the chromalveolate lineages on the other hand. Rhizaria archaeplastida unikonta a excavata alveolates stramenopiles. Archaeplastida excavata chromalveolata unikonta pseudopodia 200 m fig. Rhizaria also contains two small groups of photosynthetic organisms, one of. The rhizaria supergroup includes many of the amoebas, most of which have threadlike or needlelike pseudopodia. These groups may have two flagella although there are many exceptions.
Which become endosymbionts and ultimately organelles in the host cell. Along with different groups of protists, animals and fungi are placed into the supergroup unikonta and plants are found in archaeplastida. Amoebozoa, archaeplastida, chromalveolata, excavata, opisthokonta, and rhizaria. Excavates include protists with modified mitochondria and protists with unique flagella. Unikonta has ameobozoa and opisthokonta, also has fungi and animals protists were first eukaryotes to evolve. Dagiti bikonta ket mairaman dagiti archaeplastida mulmula ken kabkabagian, excavata, rhizaria, ken chromalveolata. Some research suggests that a unikont a eukaryotic cell with a single flagellum was the ancestor of opisthokonts animals, fungi, and related forms and amoebozoa, and a bikont was the ancestor of archaeplastida plants and relatives, excavata, rhizaria, and chromalveolata. Eukarya excavata and chromalveolata questions and study. In this approach, six clusters or supergroups were proposed. As bikonts, they all descend from a heterotrophic eukaryote with two flagella. They are larger and have more complex structures called organelles inside. One of five supergroups of eukaryotes proposed in a current hypothesis of the evolutionary history of eukaryotes. Protists flashcards flashcard machine create, study.
It contains a variety of freeliving and symbiotic forms, and also includes some important parasites of humans, including giardia and trichomonas. Pdf phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of. Origins of eukaryotic diversity protists diversity. Please let me know specifically what i need to add, if anything, in order for you to have everything to answer the questions. Cyanobacterial contribution to the genomes of the plastidlacking. Protists questions and study guide quizlet flashcards by. Pdf phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of excavata. A phylogenetic analysis using heat shock protein 90 hsp90.
Chromalveolata is part of the bikonts, which also comprise the archaeplastida, the rhizaria, the excavata, and some smaller, unresolved groups such as the apusozoa and the centrohelida. Molecular data are transforming hypotheses on the origin and. Excavata, chromalveolata, rhizaria, archaeplastida and unikonta. Bikonts include archaeplastida plants and relatives, excavata, rhizaria, and chromalveolata. The three genes code for enzymes which make pyrimidine nucleotides. Rhizaria supergroup sar clade group rhizaria archaeplastida supergroup. Eukaryotic cells are much different than prokaryotes. Many of the protist species classified into the supergroup excavata are. Revisiting the root of the eukaryote tree request pdf. Pseudopodia function to trap and engulf food particles and to direct movement in rhizarian protists. Multicellular, found in warm tropical waters, and most are red in color due to special pigments to absorb light in deeper water. However, molecular phylogeny has not provided clear evidence that either chromalveolata or.
Opisthokonta, amoebozoa, excavata, rhizaria, archaeplastida, and chromalveolata. Cilia were present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor leca and were retained by most organisms spanning all extant eukaryotic lineages, including organisms in the unikonta amoebozoa, fungi, choanoflagellates, and animals, archaeplastida, excavata, chromalveolata, and rhizaria. The holdfast is attached to the rock, has a stipe which is a pholem like vascular tissue and a gas bladder that is on the surface of the water where sugar is made. Unikont simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Eukarya sar chromalveolata unikonta bacteria excav. The red alga porphyra is the source of a traditional japanese food. View test prep ch28slides from biol 1030 at auburn university. Classification of protists biology ii lumen learning. All taxa classified as excavata were placed in all analyses as the sister to other jakobida, with very strong between unikonts on one hand and archaeplastida, rhizaria and statistical support. Background classification of eukaryotes provides a fundamental phylogenetic framework for ecological, medical, and industrial research. Ciliary genes have been extensively studied in several of the nonunikont model organisms sampled for this study, including chlamydomonas reinhardtii archaeplastida 14, tetrahymena thermophila chromalveolata 4, 32, and trypanosoma brucei excavata 4, 33. Un02 diplomonads parabasalids euglenozoans sar clade archaeplastida unikonta ata. This lecture will cover the five supergroups of protists, including excavata, chromalveolata, rhizaria, archaeplastida, and unikonta.
993 530 554 108 901 641 1531 251 1412 6 78 1454 1536 768 1179 251 638 473 1065 259 74 1467